Counterfactual comparisons and affective styles in the aftermath of traumatic events

Abstract Traumatic events often lead to counterfactual comparison (CFC), defined as comparing one’s current attributes that of a hypothetical mentally simulated alternative might have occurred but is counter the facts. CFC can differ in its direction and terms referent action. The may be evaluated more favorable (upward CFC) or less (downward alteration (e.g., preventing event) been performed by oneself (self-referent) others (other-referent). frequency engendered affective valence between trauma survivors correlate with PTSD symptoms. However, knowledge about mechanism involved lacking. Individuals how they regulate following CFC, suggesting dispositional affect regulation styles implicated this relationship. We therefore examined adjusting, concealing, tolerating their relationship valence. In 556 individuals who had encountered at least one traumatic event, we question separately for (1) upward self-referent , (2) other-referent (3) downward (4) CFC. Most effects were found (rather than downward) particularly engaging was associated all three Different emotion processes appear frequent engagement negative Theoretical clinical implications are discussed.